Rendering a basic window with pixels

Cargo.toml

@@ -5,4 +5,14 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
+[features]
+optimize = ["log/release_max_level_warn"]
+default = ["optimize"]
+
 [dependencies]
+rand = "0.8"
+env_logger = "0.9"
+log = "0.4"
+pixels = "0.7"
+winit = "0.25"
+winit_input_helper = "0.10"

src/bin/main.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-use rmg_001::rom::ROM;
+use rmg_001::render::start_eventloop;
-use rmg_001::console::Console;
 
 fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
-    let mut console = Console::new();
+    start_eventloop();
-    console.cpu_run();
     Ok(())
 }

src/cpu.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use std::env;
 use crate::utils::{
     BitIndex,
     get_bit,
@@ -805,14 +806,17 @@ pub enum Opcode {
     PrefixCB(Box<Opcode>),
     IllegalInstruction,
 }
+// Frequency un Hz
+const FREQUENCY: f64 = 4194.304;
 
 // Store cycles in M
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct Cycles(usize); 
+pub struct Cycles(pub usize); 
 
 pub struct CPU {
     registers: Registers,
     cycles: Cycles,
+    last_op_cycles: Cycles,
     exec_calls_count: usize,
 }
 
@@ -821,6 +825,7 @@ impl CPU {
         Self {
             registers: Registers::new(),
             cycles: Cycles(0),
+            last_op_cycles: Cycles(0),
             exec_calls_count: 0,
         }
     }
@@ -846,6 +851,14 @@ impl CPU {
         self.cycles
     }
 
+    pub fn set_last_op_cycles(&mut self, cycles_start: Cycles, cycles_end: Cycles) {
+        self.last_op_cycles = Cycles(cycles_end.0 - cycles_start.0);
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_last_op_cycles(&self) -> Cycles {
+        self.last_op_cycles
+    }
+
     fn log(&self, parameter_bytes: OpcodeParameterBytes) {
         println!("A: {:02X} F: {:02X} B: {:02X} C: {:02X} D: {:02X} E: {:02X} H: {:02X} L: {:02X} SP: {:04X} PC: 00:{:04X} ({:02X} {:02X} {:02X} {:02X})",
             self.registers.get(Register::A),
@@ -866,12 +879,18 @@ impl CPU {
     }
 
     pub fn run(&mut self, bus: &mut Bus) {
+        let cycles_start = self.get_cycles();
         let program_counter = self.registers.get(Register::PC);
         let parameter_bytes = OpcodeParameterBytes::from_address(program_counter, bus);
         let (opcode, cycles) = parameter_bytes.parse_opcode();
-        // self.log(parameter_bytes);
+        if !env::var("CPU_LOG").is_err() {
+            self.log(parameter_bytes);
+        }
         self.increment_cycles(cycles);
         self.exec(opcode, bus);
+        let cycles_end = self.get_cycles();
+
+        self.set_last_op_cycles(cycles_start, cycles_end);
         // self.increment_exec_calls_count();
     }
 

src/emulator.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 use std::{thread, time};
 
-use crate::cpu::CPU;
+use crate::cpu::{CPU, Cycles};
 use crate::ppu::PPU;
 use crate::bus::Bus;
 
-pub struct Console {
+pub struct Emulator {
     cpu: CPU,
     ppu: PPU,
     bus: Bus,
 }
 
-impl Console {
+impl Emulator {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             cpu: CPU::new(),
@@ -19,7 +19,23 @@ impl Console {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn cpu_run(&mut self) {
+    pub fn draw(&mut self, frame: &mut [u8]) {
+        self.ppu.draw_background(&self.bus);
+        let ppu_frame = self.ppu.get_rgba_frame(&self.bus);
+        for (i, pixel) in frame.chunks_exact_mut(4).enumerate() {
+            let rgba = [0x5e, 0x48, 0xe8, 0xff];
+            pixel.copy_from_slice(&ppu_frame[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn run(&mut self, cpu_cycles: Cycles) {
+        self.cpu.reset_cycles();
+        while self.cpu.get_cycles().0 <= cpu_cycles.0 {
+            self.cpu.run(&mut self.bus);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn cpu_loop(&mut self) {
         let mut exit = false;
         while !exit {
             self.cpu.run(&mut self.bus);

src/lib.rs

@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ pub mod cpu;
 pub mod ppu;
 pub mod rom;
 pub mod bus;
-pub mod console;
+pub mod emulator;
+pub mod render;

src/ppu.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ use crate::utils::{
     get_bit,
     set_bit,
 };
-use crate::bus::{Bus, BANK_ZERO};
+use crate::bus::{Bus, BANK_ZERO, VIDEO_RAM};
+use rand::Rng;
 
 struct ColorPalette(u8, u8, u8, u8);
 
@@ -42,6 +43,10 @@ pub enum LCDStatus {
     ModeFlag(LCDStatusModeFlag),
 }
 
+pub const WIDTH: u32 = 160;
+pub const HEIGHT: u32 = 144;
+pub const FRAME_BUFFER_LENGTH: u32 = WIDTH * HEIGHT;
+
 const LCD_CONTROL_ADDRESS: u16 = 0xFF40;
 const LCD_STATUS_ADDRESS: u16 = 0xFF41;
 
@@ -82,11 +87,14 @@ impl Window {
 
 pub struct PPU {
     window: Window,
+
+    rgba_frame: [[u8; 4]; FRAME_BUFFER_LENGTH as usize],
 }
 
 impl PPU {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
+            rgba_frame: [[0, 0, 0xFF, 0]; FRAME_BUFFER_LENGTH as usize],
             window: Window::new(),
         }
     }
@@ -174,4 +182,51 @@ impl PPU {
         };
         bus.write(LCD_STATUS_ADDRESS, byte);
     }
+
+    fn get_rgba_pixel(two_bit_pixel: u8) -> [u8; 4] {
+        match two_bit_pixel {
+            0x00 => [255, 255, 255, 255],
+            0x01 => [192, 192, 192, 0],
+            0x10 => [128, 128, 128, 0],
+            0x11 => [0, 0, 0, 0],
+            _ => [0, 0, 0, 0],
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw_background(&mut self, bus: &Bus) {
+        let mut pointer = VIDEO_RAM.begin();
+        let mut pixels_drawn: usize = 0;
+        while pixels_drawn < FRAME_BUFFER_LENGTH as usize {
+            let byte1 = bus.read(pointer);
+            let byte2 = bus.read(pointer + 1);
+            let pixels = PPU::get_byte_pixels(byte1, byte2);
+            self.rgba_frame[pixels_drawn]     = PPU::get_rgba_pixel(pixels[0]);
+            self.rgba_frame[pixels_drawn + 1] = PPU::get_rgba_pixel(pixels[1]);
+            self.rgba_frame[pixels_drawn + 2] = PPU::get_rgba_pixel(pixels[2]);
+            self.rgba_frame[pixels_drawn + 3] = PPU::get_rgba_pixel(pixels[3]);
+            self.rgba_frame[pixels_drawn + 4] = PPU::get_rgba_pixel(pixels[4]);
+            self.rgba_frame[pixels_drawn + 5] = PPU::get_rgba_pixel(pixels[5]);
+            self.rgba_frame[pixels_drawn + 6] = PPU::get_rgba_pixel(pixels[6]);
+            self.rgba_frame[pixels_drawn + 7] = PPU::get_rgba_pixel(pixels[7]);
+            pixels_drawn += 8;
+            pointer += 2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_byte_pixels(byte1: u8, byte2: u8) -> [u8; 8] {
+        let mut pixels: [u8; 8] = [0; 8];
+        pixels[0] = ((get_bit(byte1, BitIndex::I7) as u8) << 1) | (get_bit(byte2, BitIndex::I7) as u8);
+        pixels[1] = ((get_bit(byte1, BitIndex::I6) as u8) << 1) | (get_bit(byte2, BitIndex::I6) as u8);
+        pixels[2] = ((get_bit(byte1, BitIndex::I5) as u8) << 1) | (get_bit(byte2, BitIndex::I5) as u8);
+        pixels[3] = ((get_bit(byte1, BitIndex::I4) as u8) << 1) | (get_bit(byte2, BitIndex::I4) as u8);
+        pixels[4] = ((get_bit(byte1, BitIndex::I3) as u8) << 1) | (get_bit(byte2, BitIndex::I3) as u8);
+        pixels[5] = ((get_bit(byte1, BitIndex::I2) as u8) << 1) | (get_bit(byte2, BitIndex::I2) as u8);
+        pixels[6] = ((get_bit(byte1, BitIndex::I1) as u8) << 1) | (get_bit(byte2, BitIndex::I1) as u8);
+        pixels[7] = ((get_bit(byte1, BitIndex::I0) as u8) << 1) | (get_bit(byte2, BitIndex::I0) as u8);
+        pixels
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_rgba_frame(&self, bus: &Bus) -> &[[u8; 4]; FRAME_BUFFER_LENGTH as usize] {
+        &self.rgba_frame
+    }
 }

src/render.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use crate::emulator::Emulator;
+use crate::cpu::{CPU, Cycles};
+use crate::ppu::{WIDTH, HEIGHT};
+
+use log::error;
+use pixels::{Error, Pixels, SurfaceTexture};
+use winit::dpi::LogicalSize;
+use winit::event::{Event, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
+use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
+use winit::window::{Window, WindowBuilder};
+use winit_input_helper::WinitInputHelper;
+
+pub fn create_pixels(width: u32, height: u32, window: &Window) -> Pixels {
+    let window_size = window.inner_size();
+    let surface_texture = SurfaceTexture::new(window_size.width, window_size.height, window);
+    Pixels::new(width, height, surface_texture).unwrap()
+}
+
+pub fn create_window<T>(width: u32, height: u32, title: String, event_loop: &EventLoop<T>) -> Window {
+    let size = LogicalSize::new(width as f64, height as f64);
+    WindowBuilder::new()
+        .with_title(title)
+        .with_inner_size(size)
+        .with_min_inner_size(size)
+        .build(event_loop)
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+pub fn start_eventloop() {
+    env_logger::init();
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
+    let mut input = WinitInputHelper::new();
+
+    let window = create_window(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "rmg-001".to_string(), &event_loop);
+    let mut pixels = create_pixels(WIDTH, HEIGHT, &window);
+
+    let mut emulator = Emulator::new();
+
+    let mut count: usize = 0;
+    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
+        // Handle input events
+        if input.update(&event) {
+            // Close events
+            if input.key_pressed(VirtualKeyCode::Escape) || input.quit() {
+                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Resize the window
+            if let Some(size) = input.window_resized() {
+                pixels.resize_surface(size.width, size.height);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent {
+                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                println!("The close button was pressed; stopping");
+                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit
+            },
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                emulator.run(Cycles(70224));
+                window.request_redraw();
+            },
+            Event::RedrawRequested(_) => {
+                emulator.draw(pixels.get_frame());
+                if pixels
+                    .render()
+                    .map_err(|e| error!("pixels.render() failed: {}", e))
+                    .is_err()
+                {
+                    *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
+                    return;
+                }
+            },
+            _ => ()
+        }
+    });
+}